When Is Revenge Justified Essay Example

When Is Revenge Justified? Paper When somebody carries out a demonstration of bad behavior, is it ever reasonable for the victim to get revenge on them for the wrongdoing that the individual has submitted? The discipline relies upon the circumstance and the type of discipline taken, however In many cases vengeance isn't defended, and revenge or reparation are better choices. On the off chance that an individual carries out a wrongdoing, they ought to clearly be rebuffed similarly as with any Justice framework. Be that as it may, retribution ought to be maintained a strategic distance from as a choice. Luckily most Justice frameworks these days don't utilize retribution as a type of discipline in any case. Retribution is an arm of settling the score with somebody for the victims own fulfillment. This typically implies accepting the discipline to boundaries to the extent It takes to fulfill the victim. Be that as it may, the point of rebuffing an individual for their wrongdoing ought to be to show the individual their wrongs and keep them from doing any once more. Retribution won't show them this. Rather it will just outrage them and urge them to get even again for the discipline which they have needed to withstand. This will prompt a ceaseless war, where the two sides keep on getting revenge for the others discipline or wrongdoing. F vengeance won't assist with showing the individual their missteps, at that point what will? We will compose a custom article test on When Is Revenge Justified? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on When Is Revenge Justified? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on When Is Revenge Justified? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Retaliation Is one choice. It Is the rebuffing of somebody with a discipline equivalent to the wrongdoing, like retribution. Be that as it may, retribution as a type of discipline utilizes a discipline more serious than the wrongdoing submitted. For instance, on the off chance that a thief takes a thing, at that point what might be the correct activity? Vengeance may incorporate the victim dispensing torment on the criminal or taking something having a place with them yet this would not be moral. The correct activity is use reprisal as a structure f discipline. This would require the criminal to endure in a manner equivalent to the discipline. These days, this will be chosen by a court and may be a little Jail sentence contingent upon the seriousness of the theft. Another choice is reparation. It is a great deal like reprisal however as opposed to planning something contrary for the individual who carried out the wrongdoing, It expects them to return or give something back of equivalent worth which they may have taken. Utilizing the model from before where a criminal takes an Item, Instead of being sent to Jail, reparation would quire them to give back something of equivalent worth, for instance pay a fine, to the individual what it's identity was taken from. Both of these models incorporate Justly merited disciplines. They are types of revenge and reparation which are disciplines equivalent to the wrongdoing submitted with the goal that the individual submitting it could gain from their mix-ups. It would not be all in all correct to outrage him. This would likewise ask him to carry out more violations. As the wrongdoings get increasingly genuine, retaliation as a type of discipline turns out to be fundamentally the same as retribution and this is the main time when vengeance is Justified. For instance, in the event that an individual killings another person, at that point with revenge, the individual should pay a similar destiny in prison, or in certain nations, as the death penalty. The explanation this is like vengeance is on the grounds that the victims would be fulfilled by this. All in all, IT an individual carries out a wrongdoing, minuscule noses De rebuffs In a way Tanat they pay or endure a discipline of equivalent incentive to the wrongdoing submitted. In any case, with genuine violations, which incorporate taking a people life, requital turns into a ton like vengeance and this is the main time at which retribution is Justified.

Age Requirements in the Music Industry Free Essays

Music carries fervor to everyone’s lives. It's a given, music industry is a young overwhelmed business.â Music makes enormous segments of mainstream societies, advancing designs, make-up, cars, well known home bases and most recent innovation. We will compose a custom paper test on Age Requirements in the Music Industry or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Individuals behind scenes in music business focusing on energetic crowds acquire most income. Performer’s capacity to depict sex representative picture decides, to a huge degree, record company’s achievement. Age Requirements; At the point when experts power extremely little youngsters into extending their vocal harmonies to coordinate contributes high notes above treble staff, when a kid is offered medications to stir longer hours while staying aware of school work, it is excessively youthful. At the point when a more seasoned individual no longer needs to put forth attempts to interest crowds, that is the point at which they are excessively old. Madonna, Tina Turner and Janet Jackson didn't get their sex image pictures unintentionally, paying little mind to how wonderful they were the point at which they were conceived. At the point when a â€Å"stroke of awful luck† including genuine medical issues, is some other time when an individual is unreasonably old for the music business. This can happen at 20 years of age, or it might never happen. Music industry experts are not worried about genuine ages, as they are with having appearances and ability speaking to youth and capacity to hold crowds. â€Å"Although Bocelli was presented to various styles when he was youthful, its been my experience age doesn’t matter. What makes a difference is a readiness to take the necessary steps. I have utilized techniques to help numerous vocalists into growing new styles, paying little mind to age† (Goodrich, 2007).â Carrying off an attractive performing voice is similarly significant as stealing away provocative physical picture. Numerous tryouts structures ask a people age extend. Age run alludes to the age entertainers can depict. Frequently, a multi year old individual has an age scope of 20-25; in like manner regularly, a quarter century old has an age scope of 40-50. Sex Symbols; â€Å"Audiences today have an extremely limited ability to focus. A capacity to interest a group of people is mandatory† (summarized, Ravelo, November 1, 2007).â Sex images unquestionably interests crowds, at first. Anybody can resemble a sex image. Sex image status, similar to it or not, is dictated by weight the executives. Rules of insights don't have any significant bearing to individuals keeping young appearances years longer than anticipated. Vocalists, for example, Beyonce, Madonna, PussyCat Dolls are predominant good examples for ladies. Their hairdos, designs, build add to their character of being a sex image. Dance club; Indeed, even with stricter laws on underage drinking, and the dance club staff, numerous underage individuals effectively go into clubs. Throughout the dance club faculty must go to classes and finish a required test with respect to laws. Counterfeit distinguishing proof cards, or burglary of somebody else’s legitimate ID’s are one way it is finished. Legitimate guardians or watchmen going with their kids can lawfully go into night clubs and drink, as long as the refreshment is served to the parent, and they parent gives them the beverage. Once in a while administrators twist rules permitting underage individuals into the club. Furthermore, now and again unmentioned courses of action are bartered with between the club and the state and city law authorization organizations. Clubs who ID each individual strolling through the entryway, are likely the ones pulling something under the table. Clubs request to young groups. As a rule, dance club target age bunches by music choice. In some cases a people decision of music uncovers their age. Individuals instructed in music will tune in to a wide range of music. End; Music industry has no age necessities. Music industry requires focusing on young crowds at any age. Mainstream society, which is youth arranged, is regularly connected with music. Music recordings are brimming with sex images, including Justin Timberlake, Elvis, Ricky Martin, Usher, Gwen Steffani, Christina Augillera. Sex images in music industry fill in as awesome good examples for all individuals everything being equal. Individuals who are at the center of attention additionally have a duty to guarantee their conduct merits replicating. The media and Christian gatherings love to â€Å"throw dirt† on any person or thing introduced as a charming attractive hotshot. Music video industry has gifted sex images all things considered. Notes: Goodrich, M. Can Style Be Learned? Backstage.com Voice Movement; Published November 2, 2007; Date recovered November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003667139 Ravelo, H., Kuhn, S., Bickelmann, L., What Top Three Things Make a Successful Actor Backstage.com; Ask A Pro. Distributed November 1, 2007; Date recovered November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/exhortation sections/ask-a-proficient/ask-a-master/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003666231 Step by step instructions to refer to Age Requirements in the Music Industry, Essay models

Astoria

Astoria Astoria astôr ´e? [key]. 1 Commercial, industrial, and residential section of NW Queens borough of New York City, SE N.Y.; settled in the 17th cent. as Hallet's Cove. It was renamed for John Jacob Astor in 1839. It is an industrial and residential section and has the largest population of Greek-Americans in the United States. Several 18th-century houses remain. 2 City (1990 pop. 10,069), seat of Clatsop co., NW Oreg., on the Columbia River estuary; inc. 1876. A port of entry, Astoria is the trading center for the lower Columbia basin. The city's traditional industriesâ€"fishing, fish processing, and lumberingâ€"largely have given way to tourism and light manufacturing. Points of interest include the Astoria Column, 125 ft (38 m) high, built in 1926 to commemorate the region's early history, and the Columbia River Maritime Museum. The Lewis and Clark expedition spent the winter of 1805â€"6 at a nearby encampment, Fort Clatsop (now part of a national historical park). Fort A storia, a fur-trading post established in 1811 by John Jacob Astor 's Pacific Fur Company, was the first permanent U.S. settlement on the Pacific coast. Although the post was sold to the British in 1813, its vigorous activities helped to establish American claims to the Oregon country and contributed much to the exploration of the continent. Fort Astoria was formally restored to the United States in 1818, but trade remained in British hands until the mid-1840s, when American pioneers followed the Oregon Trail to the fort. In the late 18th cent., Astoria grew as a coastal and river port; it later attracted Scandinavian settlers. See P. Stark, Astoria (2014). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Effect of the Use of Social Networking Sites in the...

THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES IN THE WORKPLACE ON JOB PERFORMANCE A Dissertation by MURAD MOQBEL Submitted to Texas AM International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION May 2012 Concentration: Management Information Systems THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES IN THE WORKPLACE ON JOB PERFORMANCE A Dissertation by MURAD MOQBEL Submitted to Texas AM International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Approved as to style and content by: ~ Ned Kock (Chair†¦show more content†¦Their examples as scholars and teachers will guide me in my future academic career. Thank you Dr. William Gruben. Thank you to Ms. Pam Short for all your efforts in making sure that everything was in order before I was even admitted to the Ph.D. program. Thank you Peerayuth (Pete), Aziz, Ala’eddin, Jose, and all fellow Ph.D. students who have always been there for me for help and friendship. I would also like to thank all participants, from the US and Yemen, who helped me collect the data necessary for this study. vi Finally, I would like to thank my family for their love and support: my parents Abdo Naji Moqbel and Badriah Saleh, and my sisters, brothers, and in-laws, who have given me a good foundation with which to go through life and meet all challenges. And last but not least, I thank my wife, Shohud Ismail, who has been an indispensable source of love and strength for me. Through her patience, support, and unwavering belief in me, I have been able to complete this dissertation. I hope my work makes you proud. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLESShow MoreRelatedThe Influences of Fun and Humour in The Workplace Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesextent of how much fun and humour can be tolerated today. Issues occur when perceptions of appropriateness and personal barriers affect humour and fun in the workplace between stakeholders. Furthermore, with modern day workplaces, contemporary issues arise when level of access to social networking websites effect factors such as performance and the implications it can have on individuals and the organisation as a whole. The need for an encouraging environment is vital, as the right balance willRead MoreSocial Networking : Harmful Or Helpful1405 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking: Harmful or Helpful Introduction When you think of social networking what comes to mind? YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Snapchat. They have similarities in that they make it easy to reach many individuals easily and quickly. Social networking sites and applications have given rise due to the popularity of the internet and the advancement in technology. There are many impacts on society due to social networking. Social networks can have a positive or negativeRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Networking Sites On Employees On Their Productivity At Work2833 Words   |  12 PagesAssessment 3: Research Proposal Executive Summary: Social networking is considered as one of the most important development aspects of today’s business world. It has contributed to another feature in the way people all over the world communicate with each other. The social networking sites are now used by millions of people around the world that has modified their web conduct. Success of the companies is mostly dependent on their employees as they are able to build values and help companies to createRead MoreEssay on Social Media Policies Within Organizations1750 Words   |  7 PagesFacebook and other social media sites at all times, companies should allow employees to spend limited time on social media because it increases employee morale, increases work efficiency, and creates an environment that encourages innovation. Many companies do not allow their employees to check their social media or conduct workplace internet leisure browsing. The employers’ justification for this ban is that employees who are casually surfing the internet or updating their social media are not focusedRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Comparison Between JPMorgan and Morgan Stanley1771 Words   |  7 Pagesworking there should be flexible as the organization goes so that they can be able to fit perfectly into the organization. There are also employee networking groups and therefore an individual working there should be good at team work and have the ability to work together with people towards the achievement of the goals of the organization. The networking groups enable the employees to access resources that are reaped by the employees and the entire organization through the ideas that are exchangedRead MoreAn International Student At Swinburne University1615 Words   |  7 Pageshave helped me to develop my ethic al conscience. I gained significant knowledge of practical theory of ethic during the lecture. In the tutorial, we did case studies analysis that give me insight about that is the today’s HRM challenges within the workplace. In the tutorial, we discuss the set reading together in the class and give me understanding many the HRM issues in the past and how to solve it. Most of the issues arise from the individual differences among the employees such as differences inRead MoreWww222222222222222222226254 Words   |  26 PagesArticle Vol.11(1) March 2009 Effect of online social networking on employee productivity A. Ferreira * Centre for Information and Knowledge Management University of Johannesburg Johannesburg , South Africa aferreira@uj.ac.za T. du Plessis Department of Information and Knowledge Management University of Johannesburg Johannesburg , South Africa tduplessis@uj.ac.za The popularity of social networking sites is relatively recent and the effect of online social networking (OSN) on employee productivityRead MoreAs Times Change So Do The Practices In Each Industry. Our1399 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancements in the last 20 years have dramatically changed the resources available to human resources. Search engines and social networking sites place a plethora of information at our finger tips with just a quick search of the internet. Social media is becoming more and more integrated into our every action. People are encouraged to share real time information on social networking sites: how they are feeling, what they are doing, where they are, who they are with, interests, what they’re watching, whereRead MoreSocial Networking in Business and Human Resources2312 Words   |  10 PagesSocial Networking in Business and Human Resources Rebecca Moriarty Troy University Introduction to Information Systems IS 3300 XTIB Dr. Rodger Morrison February 27, 2011 With the growth and explosion of popularity of the internet in the recent past, there has been a significant increase in the use of social networking sites. More than ever people and businesses are now using the internet with the purpose of having access to social networking sites. It is in these sitesRead MoreFacebook s Impact On Hrm2709 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Pg.3 †¢ Facebook’s Role in HRM Pg.4 †¢ Facebook’s Benefit to HRM Pg. 5-6 †¢ Facebook’s Negative Effects on HRM Pg. 7-8 †¢ Current Issues and Future Trends Pg. 9 †¢ Conclusion Pg. 10 †¢ Personal Thoughts Pg. 10 †¢ Work Cited Pg. 11 Introduction Facebook is an online social networking service. The website launched on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his college roommates. Users of the service can create a

National Action Plan NAP The Implementation Mechanism of Implantation Achievement and Failures - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2079 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Analytics Essay Level High school Tags: Failure Essay Did you like this example? Pakistan has been targeted of an intense layer of terrorism and bomb attacks for last 10 to 18 years. But it abruptly increases after 9/11. Bomb attacks on government and public institutions, military personals and line enforcement agencies and offices of various organizations and suicide bomb attacks had become order of the day. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "National Action Plan NAP: The Implementation Mechanism of Implantation Achievement and Failures" essay for you Create order Which compel the government to carry out military operation in various parts of the country operation Al-Mizan, operation Rah-e-Haq, operation Zalzala, operation black thunderstorm, operation Raah-e-Raast operation sher dil, operation Rah-e-Nijat, operation Koh-e-Safaid and operation Zarb-e-Azab, operation Khyber I and II (Karachi operation I and Karachi operation II) costing over $123 of billion. The terrorism layer not only suffered Pakistan economically but it also created a sense of disability, chaos, and fear and sense of Horror in the country among mob/ general masses, apart from law and order situation in the country. Pakistan is a country badly affected by acts of terrorism, threatening Pakistan’s law and order situation, human rights, damaging basic infrastructure and economic opportunities. And once Pakistan was about to be declined the most unsafe state in the world. Pakistan is facing the menace of terrorism, which is eroding the social structure, economic developments and political system. The immediate costs of terrorist acts are loss of human lives, destruction of property and infrastructure and depression of short-term economic activity apart from immense economic loss and economic pressure or burden on the country. This include war on terror launched by security forces in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and federally administrated tribal area (FATA) having borders shaved with Afghanistan and resultant displacement of some three million people from their homes. As a part of this layer of terrorism, the terrorist attacked army public school on army run school at Peshawar killing over 140 innocent student, which were claimed by the terrorist outfit Tahreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (Taliban movement of Pakistan TTP) was ostensibly a game changer the heart rending and soul piercing Peshawar tragedy took place that much hyped political consensus against terrorism. There are some events in the history of nations when all segments of society, irrespective of their differences came together and unite for a common purpose. Same event was repeatedly happened in Pakistan when on 16th December the tragic massacre in Army Public School Peshawar brought the entire nation on one page. All the political parties, both from government and opposition benches, military leadership civil society and people at large from all walks of life expressed their design of wiping out terrorism from country once and for all. This unprecedented unity and national consensus is significant, because all stakeholders of the safe for the first time collectively declared terrorism in all etc. forms and manifestations including that organized on the basis of religion and sect as the principal national security threat to Pakistan. This bleak and grief attack crowned into mourn and sorrow not only Pakistani nation, but also the international community. It united the whole nation under single slogan toe rush and wiped out terrorism from the county all party’s conference was called in Peshawar, in which the civil, political and military leadership after a long consideration and discussion framed a mechanism to count terrorism. Although several operation as mentioned were underway in sere veal parts of the country, but there was no fixed and functioning mechanism, to counter terrorism hill date. So all the political parties and civil military leadership agreed upon a 20 points to counter terrorism. Which is called national action plan (NAP). 1. Methodology The research is mainly of descriptive nature as the main concern is to specifically examine the national action plan. I have used journals, article, magazines and newspaper’s for eh collection of data above mention source is called secondary data. Which is used for this research? 2. Title of the study My research title is national action plan the achievement and failure. 3. Research Questions Although the Pak army has conducted the numbers of military operations than why nation action plan needed. What we achieved because of national action plan. What we lost in national action plan. Tool of data collection This research is based on secondary sources e.g. newspaper, article book’s statistical bulletins. 1.2 Objectives To determine the need for NAP that why a mechanism like NAP became necessary in spite of many ongoing military operations. Were the military operations insufficient and ineffective? To determine what is NAP (National Action Plan) and what are its elements. To study the mechanism of implementation of NAP and institutions involved in its implementation. And also its expense or boundary. Scorecard of NAP (To study the effectiveness of NAP). What lop holes and Weaknesses were involved with its implementation and does it fail or succeeded in combating terrorism? What should have been done to make it effective and successful and what should be done to avoid such accidents in future. To study achievements and weakness in national action plan with an overview of what so far happen under NAP and what actions and steps are taken by concern authorities in pursuance of NAP. 1.3 Significance of the Study After the origin of national action plan the countries politics revolved around it. The Government of PML (N) became totally dependent on Army for its survival and Army got enormous power and authorities over various aspect and affairs of the state. The political parties and leaders alleged the government for limiting the national action plan into specific area and targeting certain specific political parties and people by using NAP, For some political parties and leaders NAP was a devised instrument for targeting political opponents of the government on the other side government totally negate it, and suppose it as an instrument to counter terrorism therefore its study and analysis is significant. It is important to know NAP and its elements, that what is NAP and what is it for?. The focus of my study is to know NAP and its elements in its basic form and its purpose. There is lack of consensus over the mechanism and target of NAP among the political parties and leaders. To study the effectiveness, ineffectiveness and achievements under NAP is of great importance to get the people out of ambiguity. The twenty points agenda as devised by the civilian and military leadership with in collaboration to each one in order to counter the terrorist activist been curbed action plan resultantly the terrorist a hack on Peshawar army public school. But since the national action plan had constituted or established, from that very time it has been criticized by defend circles belongs to various walks of life due to the some ups and down being found in mentionable assure thing (NAP). So, therefore the research paper as preened by the researcher held, and vied to critically evaluate and scrutinized it’s achievement has been made so far through this (NAP) by law enforcement agencies, and the flaws or chemists as raised in proposed plan had also highlighted that what extent the national action plan had proved effective or ineffective. To counter terrorism in the country and also the challenges as being faced by the various relevant state inabilities due to their such policy or strategy in order to formulate all-encompassing counter-terrorism policies to root-out effectively the extremism, radicalization and sectionalism. Janjua 2016 (A Critical Analysis and Evaluation of the NAP’s Pitfalls Say’s) Along with the few achievements as repaved throng the national action plan (NAP) by the also having some serious flaws and misters. Under the (NAP) and national and counter terrorism association (NACTA), the anti-terrorism institutions and has not achieved any major objectives since form the inception of (NACTA) no significant efforts have been made to achieve or make active the almost inactive (NATA) under the protection of the (NAP) (Janjua, 2016). Asad Ullah Khan (January 06-2017) (is NAP Really Working?) Civilian and military government stands as a sign of success and progress over past few years. The military has conducted many operations and tried their best to minimize the strength (number) of their cops/soldiers in the no go arrears successfully their performance can be estimated and gauged from the decrease of almost 50 parent in violence related casualties and accidents in Pakistan between 2012 and 2016. At the national level, these efforts have gained immense public support which clearly reflects, that Pakistani society is trying to come out of this mess. Last but not least, national action plan needs some revision / review not in terms of new policy options. But in terms of political will to implement the available options on ground. For serious implementation of all the twenty (20) points of the plan, these points must be subdivided into plans and directives for implementation, so that a tussle in institutions on implementation is avoided. Only military have power is not a final solution to curb the menace of violent extremism in Pakistan. There is an extremely serious and urgent need to establish a national narrative based upon a mix of hard and soft power known as smart power to stabilize the society, namely provide sustainable peace and progress to the terror-victim areas in long-term The Peshawar attack occurred amid a four-month political crisis, begin in mid-august 2014 in which the newly elected prime minister and serving chairman of Pakistan Tahreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party and the cleric political and leader of Pakistan Awami Tahreek Dr. Tahir ul- Qadri led large demonstrations demanding of former prime minister Nawaz Sharif’s resignation and parliaments dissolution because of the alleged and controversial election and were demanding for construction or formation of judicial commission to probe the election. Weakened by these the Pakistan Muslim league (Nawaz) PML-N government became more dependent on the other opposition parties (PPP, PML a and other) and coalition parties (QWP, JUI and other) and military for survival. The military’s almost complete control over national security and counter terrorism policy should be seen in the light of its continual encroachment into civillian off airs since restoration of democracy in 2008. (www.southasiancews.com, October 27, 2009.) The national action plan (NAP) prepared by the all parties conference in consolation with the military. The 16th December 2014 attack in Peshawar claimed by the Tehreek-e-Talban (TTP) was ostensibly a game changer. A week later, the Pakistan (Muslim league Nawaz) unveiled a new counter-terrorism strategy, the twenty point national action plan (NAP) with prime minister Nawaz Shairf and Army chief Raheel Sharif vowing to forget all terror groups without any distinction. Six months later and continued terror attacks, the NAP looks far more like a hostile conceived wish-list devised for public consumption during a moment of crisis than a coregent strategy. The meeting addresses the other tasks and responsibilities assigned down to the military and intelligence agencies and took decision regarding their implementation. The national action plan empowered the military the performing institution. The legal authority awarded to the military seriously undermines the judiciary this over stepping would be detrimental to the cause of both the institutions. Whereas there was the need that the actions plan, should have come-up with ideas to correct the delays in dispensation of justice, and the development of modalities and procedure to deal with corruption. After inaugurating the â€Å"NAP† on 24 December, the Sharif government implemented two major elements of the military without delay lifting the predecessor government’s 2008 moratorium on the death penalty, and passing on 6 January 2015 the 21st constitutional commandments empowering special military courts to dry all terrorists, and suspects, including civilians. Thus the military with immense powers started their action to implement â€Å"NAP† under the prescribed and described principles eradicating and exterminating all the hurdles and obstacles, which were posed in its path either from civilian government or from other groups, the military openly condemned the barriers and hurdles, even it alleged and criticized the government for so many times for planning hurdle in taking away â€Å"NAP† to its logical and to act upon it in its read soul. At the military’s reservation over National action plan since the NAP has been launched. NAP has been launched. As the attack on Army public school was a question mark lied on ongoing continued military operations in the same way despite the launch and swing of mechanism and set of actions against like national action plan another attack of the same type on Bacha Khan university Charsadda, and later on attack on Quetta hospital west creating an another question mark on national action plan (NaP) furthermore the bomb attack on a park in Lahore is another question mark lied on the implementation of NAP without any distention.

Social Media As An Investigative Object - 966 Words

The main argument of this text is social media being an investigative object. The authors of this text clearly illustrate how social media has acted as an investigative object. The following points support this aspect of social media. †¢ One of the major roles of the social media in modern policing is acting as an analytical tool. Criminal investigations tend to incorporate use of social media in creating leads towards the suspects . This is mainly because most people have the tendency in updating their whereabouts on social media and even it is possible to know the character of someone by accessing their accounts. †¢ Because of presence of numerous cases without leads, social media can be used to initiate those leads making the detectives have easy time while handling these issues. †¢ Most cases that have festered can be revitalized by having access to the concerned individuals and have they brought to book. This is among the positives that can be drawn from the use of social media The main argument of this text is the limitations of using social media in modern policing. The author of this article illustrates the limitations in which social media can be used in community policing. The following points support this argument. †¢ Despite the numerous positive roles played by social media in modern policing, there are also related negative roles in the process . The most common problem involved in modern policing is the security threats that are incurred by the officersShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Community Television In Colombia1194 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational media contents, years before the privatization of television distribution in the country. Images, ideas and practices that surrounded the introduction of these devices lead to a range of larger questions regarding social aspirations and distinctions attached to technology. As satellite dishes were adapted and adopted across the country, political and economic changes in the government made the infrastructures created by the integration of Satellite dishes to cable distribution, an object forRead MoreInterview, Primary Sources, Secondary Sources And Questionnaires1512 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween these five objects and communication d esign. Thereby enabling the designer to know they are facing the real needs of customers, and how they connect and related to each other.Introduction This research will explain five researches terminology that includes the case study, interview, primary sources, secondary sources and questionnaires. To analyze and interpret their relationship with the designer, and providing the relationship of how important between these five objects and communicationRead MoreSocial Applications : Overview Of Social Network Applications4288 Words   |  18 Pages2.4 Overview of Social Network Applications There are several types of social network applications that are presently available for different categories of people; with the most commonly known applications being Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, WhatsApp, Viber, Skype, Telegram, Twitter, WeChat etc. These applications are used by different people and for different purposes including the provision of email, instant messaging, blogging, voice calls, official communication and sharing of photographicRead MorePolice Enforcement Is The Cornerstone Of A Civilized Society1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthe integral relationship that citizens have with their law enforcement officers. Many media outlets, political pundits, and activists want their audience to believe that police are killing citizens at alarming rates. My research and data will show that police are not killing citizens with increasing frequency; rather, it will show that it is citizens that are killing citizens at alarming rates. Mass-media coverage of citizens being shot by Law Enforcement Officers have caused outrage in the African-AmericanRead MoreGtd Flaws And Issues. Gtd Is Considered As One Of The Most1382 Words   |  6 Pagesdatabase of terrorist events in the world. But is it ideal? Since we deal with big data from open sources around the world, it’s not always show the true picture. All entries in one way or another were created upon unclassified information, mostly from media articles. That creates bias because articles is always a subjective view, moreover only English articles were used, thus we can see only one side of the coin. Data collection that were used to gather information for the database is really importantRead MoreDiscrimination Based On The Way People Look, Or Perceived By Others Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pageswear. In order to be able to understand lookism, it will be defined, given a brief history of why it exists, discuss specific cases of its impact, and will offer a solution to decreasing or eliminating lookism; moreover, will show examples of how the media expects people to look a certain way. Lookism is a form of discrimination and is the concept of judging people by their physical attractiveness and the enhanced treatment given to those who are more physically attractive. In psychology today by RayRead MoreRape Has A Lasting Effect On A Victim s Daily Life Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pageseight minutes, that victim is a child. Meanwhile, only six out of every one thousand perpetrators will end up in prison† (Statistics). Rape has a lasting impact on a victim s daily life. Rape is defined as any sexual act performed by inserting any object into any body part without the consent of the other person. The behavior of some people in our society is appalling. â€Å"Most rapists do not need to deploy physical force to get their victims to submit to them. Assailants ignore the victims tears andRead MoreInformation Security: VMware versus Sphere 1166 Words   |  5 PagesBefore transformation, crucial cloud issues like privileged access, data locations, data recovery, high availability, investigative support, regularity compliance should be considered with utmost priority. Information security requirements like identification, authorization, availability, confidentiality, integrity; non-repudiation should be addressed in assessing the security levels. Before engaging in cloud computing, organizations should consider the providers locations and data restrictions asRead MoreA Research On Forensic Science1203 Words   |  5 PagesForensic science is the application of scientific analysis to tangible objects related to criminal activity. As science expands in its research, it is applied to the forensics field. Among the most prevalent is biotechnology. Biotechnology was developed by the manipulation of biological elements and remains closely tied to society and it needs. Although many of the advances and discoveries are used to produce goods as foods, and medications many of the innovations benefit forensic science as wellRead MoreAnalysis : Falling Celestial Bodies : Asteroid Trajectory And Impact Duration 4 Weeks1480 Words   |  6 Pagesconceptual understanding of the topic that highlights your capacity to work logically, rationally and scientifically. You are required to keep a daily journal or logbook of the progress of your ERT. Your end response should employ a clearly defined investigative thought process, and provide a considered and conclusive evaluation (end-argument). It should also be presented with clarity of meaning and a level of complexity suited to your intended audience. Ownership of material submitted Will be authenticated

Emirates Embraces Motivation on Organizational †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Emirates Embraces Motivation on Organizational. Answer: Introduction Emirates Airlines is a leading airline that is based in Dubai. The government-owned airline is an emirates groups subsidiary and it remains the largest airline in the region. According to various studies, Emirates operates about 3,600 flights to over 81 countries around the world on the weekly basis (The Emirates Group 2017). Dubai International Airport is its main hub and it takes flights to 140 cities. Interestingly, the company uses Emirates SkyCargo for its cargo activities. This airline operates a different fleet of Boeing wide-body aircraft and Airbus. Emirates has over 64,768 employees worldwide and headed by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum and the president, Tim Clark (The Emirates Group 2013). The company has diversified its operations into various sectors and industries including engineering, airport services, tour operator, and catering operations (Presler 2013). Today, the parent company operates over fifty subsidiaries while Emirates has over seven subsidiaries (The Emirates Group 2017). Interestingly, Emirates airline values its employees as it offers them various benefits including paid sick and maternity leave and comprehensive health plan. As part of its performance management, the company uses merit pay and profit sharing programs. Given these benefits, it becomes necessary to analyze the motivational policy of the company. Leadership and management have become necessary factors to determine the success of any business. Leadership focuses on the influencing people and creating a good environment where people can follow directions willingly (The Emirates Group 2013). The leader is expected to guide the followers and give a clear vision for the organization. Similarly, management ensures things are done through others. The managers must work through or with others to realize the objectives of the organization. To this effect, management controls direct, organizes, and plans resources based on the moral standing of the organization. Indisputably, both management and leadership can make organizations successful. Management and leadership help an organization to achieve its goals. At Emirates, management and leadership processes have defined the continued success of the Airlines. Currently, the Sheik Ahmed Saeed, who serves as the CEO and chairperson of the company, heads the organization (Goodson 2017). Sheik Ahmed bin Saeed leads the senior management team that has made the airline to make remarkable economic development. Sheik Ahmed, who doubles as the chair and CEO, has successfully spearheaded the expansion of Emirates by formulating fiscal, investment, and economic policies and strategies. The senior leadership has transformed Emirates into an international airline thus serves over 160 destinations. Therefore, the firms talented leaders have used their highly skilled diverse employees, quality customer services, and management techniques to make it the largest airline in the world. These leaders have demonstrated their ability to lead Emirates economically and effectively (Gale 2009). T he management of the company has remained responsible for treating people equally and prioritizing the companys goals. Leaders of Emirates believe in hard work, honesty, and planning thus connect workforce in managing change. These leaders have made the company attractive to customers to make it a success. Cultural Diversity Emirates Airline is an international company, which operates across the world. As a multinational organization, it serves different customers. Within the company, there are over 160 nationalities. This implies that the company has attracted people with different religions, origin, tradition, and race. These people must interact and live together. Nonetheless, the companys working language is English (Goodson 2017). The companys continued to manage the culturally diverse employees and workplace has made it effective and successful. The company has adopted the best diversity evaluation process in managing its operations. The company believes that the 160 nationalities have unique strengths thus giving it an international status. The diverse workforce brings new ideas, thinking, and innovative styles to bolster its business (Bamber et al. 2009). The company continuously promoted and recruited workers without discrimination. It has further emphasized the significance of treating people w ith dignity and respect thus allows workers to maximize their potential. The company has thus embraced cultural diversity through communication, recruitment, and equal opportunity. Emirates Airlines has promoted the management of culturally diverse customers (Mayasandra 2011). This is because customers define the success of this business. Since the company flies to over 60 countries and 100 destinations worldwide, it stands to serve customers of a different background. The company seems to be concerned with the needs of customers. To this effect, it tries to communicate with them effectively. It has continuously listened to the needs of its stakeholders including suppliers, investors, and bankers (Gale 2009). It has established an understandable communication through international language to serve the clients. To this effect, English has ensured it serves its customers prudently. The company also embraces Arabic style food services (Goodson 2017). The tastes of the Middle Eastern culture regarding food attract people of different backgrounds. It has ensured that its employees use the Islamic procedures of handling food. This implies that customers rarely serve d with alcohol. Sometimes the company offers customers iftar as part of their pride. Motivation theories Motivation remains an important process of influencing and encouraging people to do the right thing and maximize their potential. Motivation, as a factor, is based on the relationship of variables thus explains the persistence, amplitude, and direction of a persons behavior (Robescu Lancu 2017). Although their many theories explaining and demonstrating motivation, the most important ones include Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory, Alderfers existence-relatedness-growth theory, and Maslows hierarchy of needs (Osabiya 2014). These theories have emerged to be necessary for motivating people thus help management to understand the significance of motivating the workforce. The Maslow motivation theory has defined the human motivation. According to this theory, the management needs to satisfy the employees psychological and basic needs (Robescu Lancu 2017). The low- and high-level needs including self-actualization are essential in meeting the needs of workers. Maslow theory focuses on the peoples basic requirements, which pleases them effectively. This theory is based on different levels of needs including physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem needs. In most cases, the employees have met their safety and psychological, but expect the firm to serve their high-level needs. At Emirates, employees are motivated strongly (Osabiya 2014). This has made it an attractive employer of diverse people. The company offers its diverse workforce recognition, rewards, performance programs, and incentives to encourage them. In most cases, many employees have opted to build their careers with the company (Benjamin-Lowry et al. 2013). Emirates Airline believes that well-trained, experienced, and skilled workers would define its business success. To this effect, the organization offers vocational training and development programs to the employees thus help them to be effective and efficient in their duties. For instance, most of the per forming and outstanding cabin crews have been promoted to flight purser within a short time. Most of them have also gained specialized skills to become trainers in the cabin services. Effects of motivation on Emirates Airlines Motivation has increased the ability of workers to become effective. The company has gained a competitive position in the market because of the motivated workers. Motivation has had a direct impact on the employee productivity and organizational performance (Bamber et al. 2009). The leaders seem to motivate all stakeholders in achieving their goals because it engages them in making decisions. Drucker and Maciariello (2008) affirm that the leaders continue to motivate workers to inspire them thus enabling them to do their work willingly. This has ensured Emirates get marvelous success. Importantly, people respond situations differently. Currently, the company operates many flights to different destinations (Robescu Lancu 2017). It has established the best corporate plan that values stakeholder diversity. Based on the diversity, the management uses an approach that befits their needs because it involves clients and community leading to a better performance. With the motivation in Emir ates, employees have remained committed thus offer quality services to clients. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations are the two types of motivation that companies should try to practice. Importantly, people have distinct needs and require different motivation. Intrinsic motivation involves using motivational stimuli to ensure people perform their tasks and fulfill the desires (Benjamin-Lowry et al. 2013). In most cases, people have different desires that they need to meet and fulfill. The intrinsic motivation is founded on these desires including acceptance, social contact, power, independence, honor, order, and social status. At Emirates, employees are motivated through workplace conditions, promotions, training, appreciation incentives, payment incentives and monetary incentives. Nasibov (2015) affirms that the company has continuously invested in training and developing the workforce. It also creates the comfortable working environment. Its reward system, policies, and salaries are competitive thus make it an attractive employer in the market (Bamber et al. 2 009). As part of the intrinsic motivation, the employees are recognized through promotions like allowing the cabin crew to be trainers. Given the current competitive environment, the company continues to train workers on new skills. The company also offer workers paid sick and maternity leave and comprehensive health plans to motivate them. The company considers employee development and training to be an important process. With training, the company has emphasized the significance of new skills that employees must attain to help improve the services (Jeffs 2008). The company understands that the results of training are incomparable because of the big payoffs including improved competence and productivity (Presler 2013). It has also broken down its training services to meet the expectations of the workers. This is evident where the company allows workers to share their opinion regarding career progression and development. Emirates also value extrinsic motivation, as it believes that employees are motivated by external stimuli. Importantly, the company offers attractive remuneration and rewards to workers (Bamber et al. 2009). The bonuses and organized activities have become necessary in improving workforce performance at Emirates. It further allows workers and management to enjoy merit pay and profit sharing to motivate them. Challenges and problems The company has experienced challenges in its employee training and development programs (Presler 2013). Recently, many stakeholders have criticized the companys training and development because it is never based on the market needs. This is because the organization has failed to look into the activities of its rivals. The company has also failed to use its strong image in the industry to maximize employee excellence and innovation through training and development. It has failed to understand that it is its responsibility to offer clients and customers dependable, sage, and friendly transportation. The training programs of the firm are not customer-oriented. Recommendations Emirates Airlines should make its training programs to serve the specific setting needs thus guarantee the organization the best results. The company should look into the activities and operations of its rivals and other events externally and internally (Benjamin-Lowry et al. 2013). Such activities will help it know the best strategies for sustaining its comparative advantage regarding its workforce training and development programs. The approach will also allow the airline to maximize its strengths and empower workers. The company must fight to protect its reputation because it has shaken the global aviation industry. However, with irrelevant training programs, the company might interfere with its long-standing brand in the market (Chernev 2012). Therefore, it needs to improve training programs to make workers excellent and innovative. Through training, the employees will understand that it is their responsibility to offer clients dependable, friendly transportation tags, and sage and related industrial services (The Emirates Group 2017). The training should make it possible for workers to offer memorable customer services because the training is customer-oriented. Emirates Airlines should focus on offering superior services by recruiting the best talents in the market. However, the management must embrace cultural diversity so that it can access relevant ideas that will help the airline to upgrade its services. Emirates airline has the responsibility to empower employees to achieve maintain its competitive and profitable position (Goel 2009). This should involve sending some staff to gain continuous professional training thus become exposed to new ideas and become motivated. Conclusion Based on the data collected from the organization, the motivation of workforce is a priority at Emirates Airlines. Most employees have expressed their satisfaction, as they believe the company has made them productive and motivated. Currently, the company is among the most successful airlines worldwide. This success is attributed to the efforts of workers. In fact, most of its employees have been credited for offering the best customer services thus promote loyalty. Motivation seems to have inspired the employees to enjoy incomparable job satisfaction. The leaders of the company must understand that empowering workforce would maximize their productivity because it offers them an opportunity to make decisions. Therefore, effective style guarantees employees performance. Bibliography Bamber, GJ, Gittell, JH, Kochan, TA Von Nordenflytch, A 2009, Up in the air: How airlines can improve performance by engaging their employees. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. Benjamin-Lowry, P, Gaskin, J, Twyman, NW, Hammer, B, Roberts, TL 2013, Taking 'fun and games' seriously: Proposing the hedonic-motivation system adoption model (HMSAM). Journal of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 617671. Chernev, A 2012,Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press, Chicago. Drucker, P Maciariello, J 2008,Management. Collins, New York. Gale, I 2009, May 27, Diversity is key to the success of Emirates. The National. [Online] available at https://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-and-tourism/diversity-is-key-to-the-success-of-emirates-1.548414 (Accessed 1 October 2017). Goel, S 2009, Airline service marketing. Pentagon Press, New Delhi. Goodson, S 2017, June 2, Emirates hello tomorrow- Why it helped build the worlds favorite airline. Huffington. [Online] available at https://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-goodson/emirates-hello-tomorrow-w_b_10220336.html (Accessed 1 October 2017). Jeffs, C 2008,Strategic management. Sage, Los Angeles. Mayasandra, V 2011, September 16, As it turns Dubai into a global hub, Emirates embraces a diverse passenger base. Airline Trends. [Online] available at https://www.airlinetrends.com/2011/09/16/emirates-diversity/ (Accessed 1 October 2017). Nasibov, A. (2015, November 3). Impact of employee motivation on performance (productivity). LinkedIn. [Online] available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-employee-motivation-performance-productivity-anar-nesibov (Accessed 30 September 2017). Osabiya, BJ 2014, The effect of employees motivation on organizational performance. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 62-75. Presler, T 2013, March 21, 27 nationalities and 17 languages, but one team = 21st- century diversity working. [Online] available at https://titusonmission.wordpress.com/2013/03/21/27-nationalities-and-17-plus-languages-but-one-team-21st-century-diversity-working/ [Accessed 30 September 2017]. Robescu, O Lancu, A-G 2017, The effects of motivation on employees performance. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 7, iss. 2. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/vjes-2016-0006 The Emirates Group 2013, Emirates Group Career. [Online] available at https://www.emiratesgroupcareers.com/english/about/cultural_diversity.aspx (Accessed 1 October 2017). The Emirates Group 2017, Leadership The Emirates Group. [Online] available at https://www.theemiratesgroup.com/english/our-company/leadership/leadership.aspx (Accessed 1 October 2017).

Life, sadness and happiness Research Paper Example

Life, sadness and happiness Paper Like there are two sides of a coin, there are two sides of life, sadness and happiness. Happiness cherishes your life whilst sadness brings terrible storms without any calamity. Sometimes when our lives are full of joy we forget that grief is also a major share in life. Keeping a balance of happiness and sadness is important to realise what is right and wrong.  A catastrophic storm also took place in my life and covered it completely for a long period of time. On the 24th of August, 2003, death snatched a very important person from me, my beloved grandfather. He was an immense inspiration in my life and watching him die in front of my own eyes was very painful. My grandfather was a great man who had worked really hard all his prestigious life. He had always lived with his head up high and was loved by everyone. My grandfather had cancer, enemy of life, for the past two years but he did not know that death was crawling on him like a sly fox. Three years ago my grandfather came with the hope that life will win over death, from Pakistan, to get treated for his illness. My grandfather, who was unaware of the fact that he had cancer, was living happily until one day he had terrible pain in his bladder. My dad rushed him to hospital and the doctors declared that it was just a minor infection and sent him home with antibiotics. Later on that month his pain increased rather than decreasing. We will write a custom essay sample on Life, sadness and happiness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life, sadness and happiness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life, sadness and happiness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Going to the toilet was equivalent to hell. My dad then got him treated in a private hospital. After many blood tests and observations, the doctors came to the conclusion that he had cancer in his bladder. Doctors also explained to dad that grandpa was going to live for only a few days. From that day dad made sure that grandpa did not learn about his vicious illness at such an old age. My dad came home that day with a burden on his heart. The only aim in my dads life was to give his dad as much happiness as possible. When I came to discover this fact, the sky and earth became one and I felt as if I was being crushed in between them. A week later the cancer in his bladder cautiously grew up his windpipe and then into his mouth. He described his pain as, heavy burning. He told us that whenever he sat up, the weight of is illness pressed him down until he got breathless, he gave up and lay back down as a living corpse. I still remember that day when my grandfather became so ill that he was unable to eat anything. He had to drink milk with added vitamins. By this time everyone was aware of the fact that he had cancer and my grandfather also knew that death was knocking at his door. After seeing him unable to move, talk or consume I felt like the most helpless person ever. I locked myself in the room that day and cried my heart out. I was really upset. I felt like waking him up, holding his hand and talking to him but unfortunately my wish stayed unheard forever. My dad called the doctor, when my grandfather was in his last stage. The doctor said that he only has a few moments and advised my dad to invite all his siblings to see their father taking his last breath. Shortly a couple of nurses came and injected morphine into his blood to ease his death. After watching my grandfather in his room with everyone else I came downstairs for a bite to eat. I drank a glass of water but my mouth still felt as dry as the desert. My humble feet made way upstairs. I was half way up when I heard screams of pain. I ran up the steps taking 4 at a time. And there I saw my grandfather taking his last breaths, fighting between life and death. He died; he was no longer alive. At that moment I felt like taking all the life out of myself and giving it to grandpa. I slowly walked over to him with my eyes swollen up from crying. I touched his hand very slowly; I could feel the warm blood still running in his veins. His face looked like an innocent child with a light smile on his dry lips. Next morning, morning which brings light into everybodys lives only brought darkness to my grandfathers life. It was his funeral. All of our relatives headed towards Central Mosque and so did I, where I saw my grandfather for the last time in his coffin which has become his home now. I remember trying to console my parents but it did not work. Watching my dad cry, who was such a strong man, shattered me into a million pieces. Even today when I remember my grandfathers death, my eyes moist and tears dribble down my face. My grandpa was a very important person in my life, even more than my parents and maybe thats why I got a sudden shock from his death. In a way I was relieved that he died because it cured him from his moment to moment pain. I learnt a lot of memorable words from my grandpa, Life is too short, live it before it ends. At that time I never took his words seriously but now these same words have become so important and meaningful to me. That incident has become the most heartbreaking moment of my life, and I am sure that I will never experience anything as drastic as that.

International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay Example

International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay Example International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay International market cleavage Economicss, national civilization and clip European Journal of marketing vol. 48 No.7/8, 2014 pp. 1209-1293 In this essay I propose to critically measure the above research paper: â€Å"International market cleavage ( economic sciences, national civilization and clip ) † published late in the European Journal of Marketing. The paper aims to look into the influence, economic and cultural factors have individually and in combination over international state cleavage and besides seek to uncover the stableness of these factors and state sections over clip. Cleavage can be described as the scheme of spliting market in homogeneous group ( Goyat, 2011 ) . The growing of planetary competition has established international cleavage as a cardinal issue in developing, positioning and merchandising merchandises throughout the universe ( Ter Hofstede et al. , 1999 ) quoted by ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) . International cleavage has therefore become a cardinal extension of the traditional selling construct, as deficiency of acquaintance with diverse foreign environments tends to take to generalisation of demand status in abroad market. This can organize national stereotypes. Thus a policy of cleavage will assist relieve jobs originating from such misconceptions, as it acknowledges the magnitude and relevancy of differences and similarities between foreign states. However ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) suggests that if a company can accomplish competitory advantage as a consequence of planetary standardisation, a â€Å"standardization oriented approach† is in order. International cleavage besides provides a figure of advantages from the organisation point of position, one of it being that organisations find it easier to come in states in the same bunch in which they have been successful ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) Therefore if one accepts this premiss, the inquiry is non whether to section the international market but when to section and how to section ( what footing for cleavage should be considered ) ( Wind and Douglas, 1972 ) . In the evaluated research paper a longitudinal analysis ( 1990-1999 ) is undertaken and as a consequence, supply an penetration into whether economic A ; cultural features change overtime. The influences of economic and cultural factors are examined individually, and so combined. The survey includes economic and cultural variables for 30 states measured at two periods ( 1990-1999 ) . The research is designed to capture the effects of state specific variables on section rank and alterations overtime to measure our hypotheses. Hypothesiss of the research are mentioned in the undermentioned paragraphs. The writer argues, when companies enter new markets research on economic development entirely can non adequately predict firm’s opportunities of success in these markets. The viability of this statement can be supported by the fact that economic development of a state is merely an index of its populations purchasing capacity and what should be the monetary value scope of the merchandises marketed in that specific state nevertheless the consumer penchants and rational/motivation behind consumer’s merchandise choice is ignored. Neither do consequences of research undertaken with lone economic development as a base can assist organisations plan or choose selling schemes for their merchandise in that market. As a consequence the success of the house can non be predicted accurately. Therefore, it is of import that alternatively of state cleavage based wholly on economic informations or wholly on cultural informations, we combine the two in general cleavage model. Therefore t he first two hypotheses are: H1 Country sections formed from purely economic variables will be different than state sections formed with purely cultural variables. H2 Country sections formed from economic and cultural variables will ensue in different sections than those formed from either economic or cultural variables entirely. The consequence of this research indicates that both hypotheses H1 and H2 are found to be true. Hypotheses1 can be confirmed as when economic factor entirely is taken into consideration USA has a different section and does non portion this section with any other state nevertheless, when civilization is made the base of cleavage USA. Is clustered with other states such as Canada, Austria, Ireland and Italy. The bunch alterations for many states included in the survey, while switching the footing of cleavage from economic factors to civilization. H2 is besides found to be true and can be confirmed by the fact that while states were evaluated individually on economic growing and civilization a 4 four section solution appeared to be most appropriate for the same set of states whereas when evaluated in combination a six bunch solution seems to be most appropriate. Besides the construction of the sections is different from solutions based merely on economic or cultural variables. Another statement made by the writer is that states differ in economic development but they are non inactive. Example of China is given to back up this statement. This statement in my point of view is really strong as explained by the writer by giving china’s illustration, that states may see rapid alterations in economic indexs such as GDP ( it jumped from 3 % in 1990 to 9 % in the undermentioned twelvemonth and once more jumped to 14 % in 1992. This statement can be verified non merely by looking at fluctuating GDP rates of China but besides of many other universe economic systems with fluctuating GDP rates such as India. The writer argues that civilization alterations as a effect of economic development, and some states develop faster than others ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) . However this statement in my point of position is non wholly true as in my sentiment non merely civilization gets influenced by economic development but civilization besides influences economic development. As a state which scores high on self look in comparing to endurance will by and large hold a batch more little investors and enterprisers will be much more willing to take hazards to raise themselves to a criterion of better life thereby forcing the wheel of economic growing in that state. However a state driven by more traditional cultural values will look for safety in every investing and concern dealing they make, and as a consequence may non take appropriate timely hazards and may free out on chances to increase net income borders. In support of my statement â€Å"The extent of corruptness besides varies aggressively bet ween different states and different fiscal civilizations, and this can do profound difference to economic performance.† ( Sen, 2008 ) . Amartya sen in his article civilization and development besides talks about a great sociologist Max Webber’s thesis on the important function of Protestants moralss on in the successful development of a capitalist industrial economic system. The writer besides assumes, people will be more immune to cultural alterations than economic development the 3rd hypotheses is: H3 Changes in economic development will ensue in motion of states across sections more frequently than alterations in national civilization. The consequences of this research finds this hypotheses to be true as a seeable alteration in state bunch can be seen over the decennary based on economic development as the bases of cleavage. Shifts in state constellating with economic growing, as base is much more in comparing to constellating on the bases of civilization. The writer argues that civilization may alter easy, in incremental stairss but it does alteration. The writer argues that alteration in civilization is triggered by the economic system. In the last hypotheses of this research the writer assumes that with the economic development, civilization besides changes, and this leads to reconstituting in sections that we obtain from one period to the other, based on this the concluding hypotheses of this research is: H4 Countries that move from developing economic systems to higher income position will see cultural alterations ensuing in changed cleavage forms. The consequences of this research shows that merely two states show a displacement in state constellating based on cultural factors whereas for state constellating based on economic factors there were a batch more alterations. Thus we can state that cultural factors change really easy in comparing to economic factors. Besides the two states Czech democracy and Spain which changed state sections moved off from economically backward state and became portion of bunchs of economically advanced states illustration Spain joins the section with other European states. As these two states moved from less developed state bunch to a good developed one economically a considerable displacement can be seen in there constellating with civilization as the bunch base. This proves the above stated hypotheses. The sample used in this research paper by the writer includes states surveyed by WVS in both 1990-1991 moving ridge and 1999-2001. The initial sample covered a sum of 34 states but three of them were eliminated due to losing informations and besides west Germany and east Germany is treated as one. The sample used in my sentiment is thorough in itself and can besides be assessed by looking at the consequences of this research paper as it includes states runing variedly in economic development with gross national income ( GNI ) per capita ranging from 380 dollars ( India ) to Sweden with GNI 34,280 dollars. The sample is non merely thorough of economically varied states but besides covers a full spectrum culturally varied 1s ; it covers states all the manner from Japan and Sweden which score high on secular rational values to states like Ireland and Chile. However, one can reason though the study samples used in the WVS survey’s is big and thorough but the figure of states s a whole is little. The writer tries to warrant his pick of utilizing this little figure of states due to fiting demands across two periods and losing informations. Thus we can state that the sample used in this research paper is equal and good informed about the assorted dimensions. But it is deserving giving a idea that had the figure of states used in this research been much more than it is right now, what consequence it would had on the current findings of the research? Is at that place a possibility that some of the hypotheses in the research would hold been dismissed? From the above analysis of the research article we can state that it covers merely a little figure of states due in this research can be seen as one of the restrictions of this research. Besides as secondary beginning of information is used to transport out this research the fact that handiness of economic informations of the states is much more in comparing to the cultural informations and no specific step is present to verify whatever sum of cultural informations is available, could hold lead to some divergences in the consequences of this research matching to the usage of civilization as the base of state bunch. Besides this there is a deficiency of theoretical bases to steer the choice of variables and development of sections. And in conclusion categorization of states on the footing of state sections provides really weak indexs of marketing behaviour in a state. ( Wind and Douglas, 1972 ) . This is because every person is different and generalisation of consumers so widely on the footing of state can supply merely a glance of the expected consumer behaviour in that state. On the other manus this research has some really positive penetrations First, this research makes it possible to prove whether cultural values alter under the influence of certain environmental forces such as economic development. Second, this research piece fills the spread in old literature. The writer explains in the literature reappraisal that traditional researches on international selling cleavage have been criticized for concentrating on economic and cultural variables individually and non on both together. â€Å"a successful cleavage program must bring forth market sections which meet the four basic criteria† sustainability is one of them ( Goyat, 2011 ) . The longitudinal analysis of this research has the possible to cover the sustainability of these two factors and besides tests the kineticss of these two factors overtime. Besides this research peace examines market cleavage utilizing both these bases together and besides tries to happen a nexus between the two. Third, critically it can be stated that demographic may turn out as good bases of cleavage but the mind of the consumers play a important function in finding consumer behaviour. Something to believe about Every consumer has particular demands from the merchandises and services he/she consumes. Segmenting market every bit widely as state sections and generalising even those sections by grouping states with certain economic and cultural factors therefore poses a inquiry whether such broad cleavage would really turn out utile in guaranting an organization’s selling success? If yes, to what extent? Mentions 1. Budeva, D. , G. A ; Mullen, M. , R. 2014, International market cleavage,European Journal of Marketing, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1209-1238. 2. Goyat, S. ( 2011 ) The footing of market cleavage: a critical reappraisal of literature, European Journal of Business and Management, Vol3, No.9, 2011, pp.45-54 3. Sen, A. ( 2008 ) ‘Culture and Development’ , [ Online ] , Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/6699222/Culture-Development-by-Amartya-Sen. [ Accessed: 1 November 2014 ] . 4. Wind, Y. A ; Douglas, S.P. 1972, International market cleavage,European Journal of Marketing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17-25.

Renewable Energy- Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Renewable Energy- - Research Paper Example A non-renewable energy source is a natural energy source in limited supply. The major renewable source, on the other hand, is the geothermal energy, which is power that is extracted from heat that is stored under the crust of the earth. In the 21st century, there has been an increasing concern to have energy sources increased to match the ever increasing energy demands. This has necessitated the implementation of mechanisms that see to it that more renewable energy sources are explored. This way, more research has been done with various measured put in place to ensure the available few sources of energy are conserved for purposes of achieving stability in energy. This paper explores renewable energy development and progression in China, India, and Nigeria Research indicates that renewable energy production is relatively expensive and requires skilled force for purposes of running the machinery. However, one thing to content with is that recently, emphasis has been on how best to make use of the renewable energy. According to Nnadi (2011), there is an increasing need to adapt renewable energy instead of overreliance on the none-renewable energy sources. Failure to work towards generating more renewed energy sources leads to an energy crisis. One country that has had to content with this hard reality is Nigeria (Nnadiet al, 2011). On the contrary, in an effort to replenish the diminishing energy sources, China reportedly been making use of its renewable energy resources. Facing similar situation, India has been working around the clock to make sure it fully makes use of its renewable energy sources. Sources of energy that have notably been explored include solar, biomass and geo-thermal energy. Certainly, employing such strategy has seen India realizing increased sustainable energy, which ultimately has helped reduce on the greenhouse gas emissions. Historically, Oil, coal, water, as well as wood have widely been used to produce energy. However, with advancement in technology, new methods of producing energy have been embraced. Basing on research, a major energy crisis is beckoning if it happens that there is lucidity in implementing programs that see to it that there is increased production of renewable energy sources. It is undisputable that energy production requires a highly trained workforce. In this respect, a work force that is focused and well trained ensures that there is efficient utilization of energy. Fundamentally, individuals are tasked with the responsibility of increasing energy conservation measures that are geared towards realizing reduced energy crisis. There is need to encourage scientific studies to be conducted in the energy sector to ensure the processes are carried out in the proper ways (Ravikrishna, 2011). With a focus on Nigeria, it is worth noting that it is one of the countries known for its rich natural resources. Such natural resources that are heavily depended upon include water, minerals and fertile land whi ch can be used to achieve economic goals. However, failure to fully explore their natural resources is an issue subject to debate. The effective use of electricity would boost their goals of achieving economic recovery. However, this is not the case following the lacking will to impress technological advancement research would have it Nigeria has for years, failed obtain renewable energy.

Operations Management The increasing amount of Mass Customization in Essay

Operations Management The increasing amount of Mass Customization in the Automobile industry - Essay Example At that time, it is fair to say that consumers were more interested in the function of the product, and in the case of Henry Ford, his market domination prevented other manufacturers from offering personalization as a unique selling point. However, as automobiles became more affordable, consumers began to seek ways with which they could customize their possessions with a view differentiating themselves from other consumers, and to create their own sense of identity. The growing need to establish this identity led to the gradual customization in the automobile industry where automobiles could be produced to match individual consumer needs (Mayland and Heiland 2005). Mass customization requires a significant amount of input from all suppliers and producers involved in the operations management process. Each of these suppliers and producers will be part of other industries as well, which have their own technological advances and business strategies. For mass customization to be efficien t the automobile industry will have to look at changing its supplier relationships, but in doing so has to ensure that its relationship is not affect its suppliers relationship with producers. The automobile industry will therefore need to adopt a few examples of good practice from the service industry, as mass customization has introduced the consumer into its processes. Mass customization is likely to create a network of suppliers and a supply chain that is unique to traditional ones, but this may also involve adopting totally radical business strategies to maintain the inefficiencies. This may involve forming business alliances and partnerships that will enable the automobile industry to working closely with its suppliers by sharing more information and being involved in planning and forecasting as a group, as opposed to individually Table of Contents I. 1.0 History & Background of the Automobile industry The automobile industry is one which has its roots in America following the mass production of cars by Henry Ford in 1912 (Mozian et al 2007). The mass production of automobiles has now become a global phenomenon with other countries such as Germany, Brazil and Japan being key players in the industry. As a result of this global reach the automobile industry is experiencing influences which have forced the industry to re-assess the way they work. For instance, manufacturers are having changing relationships with their customers, as more demand high levels of personalization; manufacturers are having to form new partnerships with suppliers in order to meet their customer demands in terms of quality and cost; and these two influences have led to the need to re-invent the factory floor to accommodate the numbers and degrees of personalization demanded by the customer (Benko and McFarlane 2003). When Henry Ford mass produced the automobile in 1912, he introduced the concept of mass production which made it possible for industries to manufacture standard products in large quantities at low unit costs (Mayland and Heiland 2005). This meant that the automobile industry at that time, could manufacture automobiles that were identical, and this was largely possible due to consumer attitudes. At that time, it is fair to say that consumers

The Culture of Italy Architecture, People and History

The Culture of Italy Architecture, People and History The main focus of this culture project will be the nation of Italy. Italy is a peninsula, with two main islands which include Sardinia and Sicily, located in south central Europe and extending into the Mediterranean Sea. Italy has a land mass, including the islands, of about 116,300 square feet. To get a better proportion in mind, Italy is only slightly larger than the state of Arizona. Italy is the land neighbor of several countries including Austria, France, San Marino, Slovenia, and Switzerland (Cia.gov). The country of Italy has a unique range when it comes to climate. In northern Italy, the weather is more extreme with temperatures dropping below freezing with snow typically blanketing the region. Southern Italy on the other hand has more a more moderate climate with warmer weather. Southern Italy is the less populated region, and despite the hot temperatures the area is more known for its rural areas and farming communities (GoAbroad.info). Throughout the nation, Italian cultur e is as alive today as it ever has been, but it goes back a long way. Evidence of human existence has been shown through recent excavations in Europe, which date back to the Paleolithic and Mesolithic time periods (Italy1.com). Italy is a nation rich in culture and customs, and this will be an interesting journey. 4C Archaeology To understand any culture, it is first important to get an understanding of the history of the location. One way to do this is to study from an archeological stand point. Archaeology is one of four subplots of Anthropology, and is the excavation, recovery, and analysis of remains of past human behavior. Archaeologists look for artifacts (such as tools, ceramics, textiles) to give them an idea of and show evidence for past human behavior. Italy, especially Northern Italy and around Rome, is rich in archaeological findings. Currently there about 56 active sites around Italy, which include sites in Pompeii and Rome. Rome may be the most well known area, because it is still populated today, but the ruins of Pompeii are full of findings of a civilization over 2000 years old. Pompeii (located near the present day Naples) was completely buried by a volcanic eruption that basically set all signs of life in stone for years ahead. The earliest signs of life show that this city was destroyed in 79 AD, which gives archaeologists insight to a city that was popular at the same time as the Roman Empire was at its peak. This site was left virtually untouched until about 1748 when one man found the site and would dig at random searching for treasure only for his own personal gain. Not until 1861 was the proper approach taken, and this included an extensive and systematic excavation led by an Italian appointed representative who was responsible for making plaster casts of the victims. Many objects are still being excavated to this day; these objects include paints (found still in the pottery), tiles, paintings, and floorings. The most interesting is the large amount of brothels found in the city (GoEurope.about.com). Photographer Corrine Gill captured some of the erotic images found, and below is one of her more famous pieces. 4D Culture Culture, in its simplest form, is a set of beliefs, ideas, behaviors that are shared and learned. The culture of Italy is a beautiful and unique one. From greetings to the food, Italian culture is something special. One really distinct difference between foreign and Italian culture is the way Italians will greet each other. The most common way to greet someone and see them off is with a light kiss on each cheek. This practice will usually seem strange to a foreigner and Italians expect this and most Italians will usually stick to the typical handshake to make the outsider feel more comfortable. Another aspect of this culture that may seem strange to foreigners is the way Italians dress. A foreigner will be the obvious stand out if they have not dressed in the same, up to date fashion as the rest of the culture. Italians of all ages typically dress in the same way, following the newest trends and fashion codes. The only real clothing restrictions come when you are entering a church or sometimes even a museum, there will typically be written rules for proper attire (ItalyHeaven.com). Growing up in a mostly Italian family, I know the part of Italian culture that is most important to me: food. Italy has nearly 20 different regions, all of which have their own style of food. Food is a great tradition in Italy, and this is usually paired with a love of wine. Wine is not looked at in the same light in Italy as it is in America. In Italy, wine is the typical drink to have paired with a fine Italian meal. An example of when a large meal would be prepared would be after a funeral. The whole family would be together, and they would celebrate the life of the lost loved one together. An Italian funeral is a beautiful ceremony that gets many of the loved ones involved, with most of the family holding candles throughout the service and most of them offering prayers in front of the casket. The whole family will then lead the deceased to his final resting place. Italians like t o make a big deal out of their ceremonies, most notably their wedding ceremonies and Christening services (Windsor-Communities.com). The Italian wedding has a few special traditions that are worth noting. One of these traditions is that the groom will carry a small piece of iron ore which is meant to ward off the evil eye. The other tradition unique to Italian weddings is when the bride and groom shatter a vase or piece of glass, they do this so that each piece will represent one year of happy marriage (CompletelyWeddings.com). Both events (weddings and Christenings) will be held in a church for a special service, and then will be followed by a special party afterwards. The party will usually include lots of families and friends, food, wine, and also music. The music typically played at these events will be Opera or anything that can be danced to. Italians love most styles of music, as it is a major part of their daily lives. Opera has the largest following in Italy because that is the origin of this style (Windsor-Communities.com). Below is a picture taken from CompletelyWeddings.com (the photographer is unknown), and it shows what a typical Italian wedding is like. 4E Domestication Much of Italy is covered in mountains which therefore include forests which are home to many different plants and trees. Tuscany, part of the northern region of Italy, has many trees which include beech, pine, fir, yew, oak, wild oak, and ash. The mountains of Tuscany are also home to animals like the fox, mountain goat, bear, and both the Apennine wolf and lynx (KidCyber.com). On top of the many trees and plants throughout the country, Italy has many herbs including rosemary, lavender and thyme. 4F Cities/States For most of Italys history the country was run by a dictator and for some time before that it was ruled by the Catholic Church with the Pope having control of the territory. Until 1948, the nation was ruled by different dictators. In 1948, after World War II, Italy switched over to become a Republic (EveryCulture.com). A Republic is the most common form of government, and it is basically where citizens of a nation have the ability to help control the government. A Republic government leaves a lot of room for change, but the static point is that citizens have the right to vote for their elected officials (WiseGeek.com). Italy is currently led by the Head of State Giorgio Napolitano. Napolitano was elected, as is any Head of State, for a seven year term by the Electoral College. Below Napolitano is Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi who was elected for a 5 year term. Italian government is easy to understand because it is very similar to the United States government (Fco.gov). An interest ing point when looking at Italy and their form of government is the Vatican City, which is the only surviving city-state left in the world. A city-state is, as stated by Professor Kuba from class, a political system of an independent city to rule over a fixed area. The Vatican City has not always been an independent state though, as it was only made to be its own state in 1929 due to a treaty that was signed between the city and Italy. The ruler of the Vatican is not necessarily an elected official either, because the leader of the Vatican is actually the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope to the rest of the Catholic community. The Vatican City is actually very small in land size, as it is only slightly larger than The Mall in Washington, DC (Buzzle.com). 4G Social Stratification To judge if a society is socially stratified, we look at three main traits which include prestige, power, and economic resources/wealth. It is difficult to place Italy in any of the categories, but it is best represented by a Class Society due to the unequal access to everything. The major differences within the nation fall between the northern and southern parts of Italy. The unemployment rate of the nation is very high, which causes the differences in wealth to be highly noticeable. Wealth is especially apparent in immigrants because they typically come from poorer countries. Lower classes have been affected recently by budget cuts to the welfare system which were required by the European Union (which Italy founded in 1957). The most prominent markers of social class are speech and dress. The closer ones dialect is to the national language, it is common that the speaker is wealthier than others. Also, fashion is a big deal in Italy, and it is also a statement in class. Certain desi gners or labels will be out of reach for the lower class, and they will stand out because of how up to date Italy is with fashion. Another factor to judge someone by is the amount and style of their leisure time. Where a person goes for a vacation, the amount of time they spend there, and where they stay are usually good ways to gauge an Italians social status. Fashion, leisure, and food are three key factors when looking at Italian culture. Two of these have been discussed; the third and not yet talked about is food. Food is a universal constant and no matter what your social status, you will eat it. Food can also help gauge a persons social status by what kind of food they are eating. Meat will usually be eaten mainly by the wealthy, while the less fortunate will stick to just Pasta or simpler foods (EveryCulture.com). In Italy there are differences in classes, but there are no noticeable different groups. The only difference lies within a persons social status, such as their pres tige, power, or economic resources. 4H Marital Residency and Kinship Italy is not unique in any real fashion when it comes to marriage practices in comparison to the rest of the world. When it comes to marriage, Italians have followed practices common throughout. In the past, marriages were typically arranged by the parents and the daughter would bring a sum of money to the husband at the time of the wedding. It was not uncommon though for the son or daughter to have the chance to influence their parents decision, and this practice was much easier for the poorer class. Most people in Italy will eventually marry, but it is not unheard of to have a restriction for the child to hold off marriage so they can care for their older parents. When the marriage does take place, most couples will move in with the brides parents and follow the matrilocal residency. Alongside of this, it is typical for two nuclear families to live together (EveryCulture.com). Kinship in Italy is a little more difficult to understand. Italy and people of Italian decent are known for their large families, so the question is, how are they related? The family will typically extend and include both the fathers and mothers side of the family. There a couple of generalizations that can be drawn from Italian kinship. One of these is the bond that is typically found between the males of a family and to his mothers sisters. It is believed that is due to the fact that the son chooses to be with the more loving side, rather than the strict side that the father offers. Following this line of thinking, it would mean that I would be really close with my two aunts from my mothers side but have a typical, not resistant, relationship with those on my fathers side of the family. 4I Religion and Magic Religion is a set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices pertaining to the supernatural (Notes). Religion is also one universal constant. No matter when or where society has existed, signs of some form of religion or magic have been found. As discovered through writings or archaeological sites, Italy is no different. Witches and sorcerers are now all but forgotten, but they used to hold a strong position in the past. These practices led many to believe in spells, charms, and many different types of omens. Many of these beliefs have succeeded to modern day religion, but some people still believe in this ancient line of thinking. Italy, home to the Vatican City (the home of the Catholic Church), is a highly religious country. Over 90% of all of Italy is Roman Catholic, with the other religions being a mix of Jews, Muslims, and Orthodox. Italy is full of religious history, with Rome and the Vatican being the focal point for tourist attraction. The cities are full of churches and religious relics, and people flock from around the world to view them first hand. The Roman Catholic Church is very strict with its practices and holds many events throughout the year. The main holidays celebrated in Catholicism are the Immaculate Conception, Christmas, Easter, and the Pentecost. These are celebrated throughout the world, but for a nation nearly all Catholic, they are very important. In Italy, death and the celebration of the death are regarded as highly important. Most Italians believe in the afterlife, and view heaven and hell as reality (going along with Catholicism, they also believe in Purgatory). The funeral for a deceased loved one is held in a funeral home, and Italians view attendance as mandatory. Missing the funeral of a loved one can cause serious harm to that persons relationship with other friends and family (EveryCulture.com). So far I have identified Italy by three major things: family, friends, and food. Religion, and specifically Catholicism, can be added to this list. The Vatican City Home to the Catholic Church, a religion followed by over 90% of Italy 4J Linguistics The official language of Italy, not surprisingly, is Italian. Italian is the number one used language, while German is second, and French and Slovene have a small role in the nations linguistic history (Cia.gov). Italian has a long history, and it is said to be a part of the Romance group, a subplot of the Indo-European family. All Romance languages were spawned from Latin, and Italy is the one that closest resembles it to this day. One issue with the Italian language has always been the number of different dialects found within the country. Dating back to the early 13th century, different dialects can be found in different regions, and this caused many different writings and schools of thought in numerous dialects. It was not until the 17th century, when Tuscany began to be one of the most successful regions in the nation that the Tuscan dialect began to take over and is now considered to be the true national language and dialect. The earliest form of the written word of Italian is said to be from the 13th century, where we find numerous popular plays and stories. Dante Alighieri is one of Italys most famous authors for his work, Devine Comedy, which was written in Latin. The Italian language is basically entirely derived from Latin, and Latin is the official language of the Vatican City (Italian.about.com). The Italian language has a less than half of the letters that English does, as their language only has 14 letters. Italian is a very romantic language, and because of this many common Italian phrases are well known to much of the English speaking society.   4K Sex and Gender Italy is surprisingly equal when it comes to gender roles. I would have viewed Italian culture as very old fashioned, with women staying at home while the husband went off to work, but this is not entirely true. It could be said they are old fashioned in the sense that they have stuck to their almost original gender roles, but that means the men and women are treated as equals. Archaeological sites have shown evidence that men and women were almost equal in the amount of work they contributed to society. In modern society, prior to World War II, men would be the ones who went to work while the woman would stay at home, but these practices have changed and stayed the same since. Now, men and women are equals in every aspect of Italian culture. The numbers of men and women enrolled in universities and the work force is almost the same throughout Italy. Women still hold the same role as the leader of home life, but have taken on new roles to make themselves equals with men in social, ec onomic, and political areas of life. These facts show that Italian women are the most liberated in all of Europe (EveryCulture.com). One major difference between Italian men and women is the effects of having a child. Italian men typically have little to do with the child rearing process and offer little support and guidance to the mother. This absence leaves a very heavy job for the mother to handle alone. The job market is very tough, and it is nearly impossible for a mother of even one child to re-enter the job market after a short absence. This puts a strain on a family because of the difficulty it brings to the family because they have to live off of one income. These facts have caused a dramatic decrease in the amount of children being born in todays Italy (Family.jrank.org). 4L Genetics and Evolution The first sign of any human life comes from nearly 200,000 years ago when signs of human remains were found at villages excavated just west of Rome. The evidence of the existence of Homo Erectus humans is shown with the flint axes that were excavated from this site. About 100,000 years old, signs of more humans were found in Rome, and these people are believed to have been Neanderthals. In terms of modern day Italians, the first existence of modern day humans came about in 10,000 BC during the Upper Palaeolithic. Stone tools and engravings of animals in caves and on bones have been excavated from these sites. The engravings were not as detailed or impressive in comparison with those found elsewhere in Europe such as in France and Spain. It is believed that this is a sign that the population of Italy was rather small at this period in time (HistoryForKids.org). List of Resources http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Italy.html Used for general information throughout the project https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html Used for: 3A, 3B, 4J http://italy1.com/history/ Used for 3B http://www.goabroad.info/Italy.html?gID=3207 Used for 3C http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/italy/it.html Used for basic search engine http://mapsandflags.com/it.html Used for general information http://goeurope.about.com/cs/italy/a/pompeii.htm Used for information on Pompeii http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/pompeii/ss/BrothelsPompeii_2.htm Used for Pompeii brother picture, Corinne Gill http://www.italyheaven.co.uk/manners.html Used for 4D http://www.windsor-communities.com/italian-traditions.php Used for 4D http://completelyweddings.com/ethnic-wedding-themes/ Used for 4D http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/italyflora.htm Used for 4E http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1108/897192220_3020362cf4.jpg?v=0 Used for Pine Forest in Tuscany, Italy picture http://www.caninest.com/types-of-wolf/ Used for Apennine wolf picture http://bubbles6612.wordpress.com/2007/11/ Used for Apennine mountains picture http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-republican-form-of-government.htm Used for 4F http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/italy/ Used for 4F http://www.buzzle.com/articles/vatican-city-facts.html Used for 4F http://www.mapsofworld.com/flags/vatican-city-flag.html Used for picture of the flag of the Vatican City http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/pages/Popes-appeal-for-Mid-East-peace-falls-on-surprisingly-deaf-ears-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html Used for picture of Vatican City http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa060699a.htm Used for 4J http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/language/italian-phrases.html Used for 4J and phrase chart http://family.jrank.org/pages/979/Italy-Education-Gender-Roles.html Used for 4K http://coquinadaily.com/daily/htmldaily/080305.shtml Used for picture in 4L http://www.lifeinitaly.com/potpourri/fun-facts.asp Used for 4M http://fragmentssynapses.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/thermometer.jpg Used for thermometer picture http://stephaniedoes.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/easiestloaf.jpg Used for picture of bread http://jonjonsmith.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/mcshit.jpg Used for picture of cologne http://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/entertainment/music/baby-grand-piano.jpg Used for picture of piano http://www.thedailygreen.com/cm/thedailygreen/images/1-30days-pour-wine-lg-63555269.jpg Used for picture of wine